Raja Yoga
India
- the land of Maharajas and Ancient Yogis…
Who's surprised to find Raja Yoga,
the ‘king of all yogas’ too?
India was a multi-cultured land with numerous regional chiefs
bestowed with the titles ‘Raja’ or ‘Maharaja’. Rajput was even the name
given to the ruling clans of the West desert region of Rajasthan, where
men can still be seen today riding a camel adorned in traditional
costume - a real throwback to medieval Afghanistan.
Raja means ‘royal’ or ‘highest’, and so this yoga is often called the
‘highest yoga’ or the ‘royal yoga’. What this refers to simply is a
system of yoga which has as its singular aim the supreme attainment of
consciousness, or the more recognizable term,
‘self-realization’.
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Raja Yoga
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What is this Highest Yoga?
The term raja yoga was originally coined to stress the higher status of
the meditational yoga practices, which it primarily encompasses, over
the physical practices of, say,
hatha yoga.
But anyone who has ever studied yoga, or engaged in any ‘spiritual
discipline’ for that matter, knows that it is difficult to simply jump
into lofty, mental practices.… In fact, it’s nearly impossible,
especially for the average person today.
And so this 'royal yoga' can better be seen as a complex, multi-layered
system, where much preparation is needed before the higher aims can be
reached. Therefore, although in the purest sense this yoga encompasses
mainly the inner aspects of the
8-stage
system of yoga – or in other words, the three final stages of
Dharana
(concentration),
Dhyana
(meditation), and
Samadhi
(mergence with the Divine), it has to also rely on the outer practices
of hatha yoga in order for the practitioner to be properly prepared for
these difficult, ‘inner practices’.
Hatha and Raja
Raja and hatha yoga then, although they are each defined with
their own boundaries, are essentially two ends of the same
pole. As the
Hatha
Yoga Pradipika states,
“There
can be no Raja Yoga without Hatha Yoga and no Hatha Yoga without
Raja Yoga. Hatha is the preparation for
Raja and
Raja is the [ultimate] goal of Hatha Yoga.”
The Practices
This 'highest yoga' involves highly evolved mental practices, and so of
all the
different types of yoga, it can really be seen as the ‘
mental
yoga’… or
even be rightly called the ‘yoga of the mind’ because at its highest
stages, the body itself is transcended by the mind.
Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga
The 8 limbs of sage
Patanjali’s
classical ashtanga yoga, in its
entirety, is often referred to as raja yoga as well. This makes quite
good sense, because this graduated system of ashtanga yoga takes the
practitioner not only through the very important preparatory stages of
bodily purification and mental and emotional coonditioning,
but also continues to guide the
sadhak
through the realm of the higher
mental stages of yoga. It is truly a complete system for the evolution
of the consciousness to the ‘highest’ state of
Self-realization.
So within this context this 'royal yoga' is often seen as the ‘one
yoga’ within
which many of the other branches of yoga exist. As you
may have figured, all of these ‘subsets’, so-to-speak, function in
various ways to prepare one for the ‘highest yoga’ of
mergence with the Divine Oneness.
Some of the more specific branches of yoga that could be seen to fall
within the traditional branch of raja yoga are: